手法を比較

	フロア・シーリング効果	アンカー基準最小臨床重要差
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2000	1989
提唱者	Classical psychometrics	Guyatt, Jaeschke, and Singer
種類	Measurement validity assessment	Minimal clinically important difference estimation
原典	McHorney, C. A. (2000). Ten recommendations for measuring health status. Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes, 2(1), 1-5.	Jaeschke, R., Singer, J., & Guyatt, G. H. (1989). Measurement of health status: Ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference. Controlled Clinical Trials, 10(4), 407-415.
別名	Floor effect, Ceiling effect, Psychometric floor effect, Measurement floor	MCID, Minimal clinically important difference, Anchor-based MCID, Minimal important change
関連	4	4
概要	Floor and ceiling effects are psychometric phenomena in which a disproportionately large proportion of respondents achieve the lowest (floor) or highest (ceiling) possible score on a measurement scale. These effects compromise scale reliability and responsiveness, limiting the instrument's ability to distinguish among respondents and detect meaningful change over time. Systematic assessment of floor and ceiling effects is essential for evaluating the psychometric adequacy of health-related quality-of-life scales, functional status measures, and other patient-reported outcomes.	The anchor-based method for establishing Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is a technique for determining the smallest change in a patient-reported outcome (PRO) that patients or clinicians perceive as meaningful or important. Pioneered by Guyatt, Jaeschke, and Singer in 1989, this approach anchors changes in outcome scores to external clinically meaningful events or judgments, enabling researchers and clinicians to interpret whether treatment effects represent real, patient-relevant improvements.