手法を比較

	ベイズ的マッチング推定量	傾向スコアマッチング
分野	因果推論	研究統計
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1978–1998	1983
提唱者	Donald B. Rubin (Bayesian causal framework); extended by Heckman, Ichimura & Todd (matching estimator formalization)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
種類	Bayesian causal inference / nonparametric matching	Method
原典	Rubin, D. B. (1978). Bayesian inference for causal effects: The role of randomization. The Annals of Statistics, 6(1), 34-58.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
別名	Bayesian matching, Bayesian nonparametric matching, Bayes-ATE matching, posterior matching estimator	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
関連	6	3
概要	The Bayesian Matching Estimator estimates average treatment effects in observational studies by combining classical nearest-neighbour or kernel matching with a Bayesian posterior over the treatment effect. It inherits matching's covariate-balancing logic while propagating uncertainty through a full posterior distribution rather than relying on asymptotic standard errors, yielding credible intervals that reflect both sampling variability and prior knowledge.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.