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	バニスターTRIMP	Acute-Chronic Workload Ratio
分野	スポーツ科学	スポーツ科学
系統	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1975	2016
提唱者	Eric Banister	Tim Gabbett
種類	mathematical modeling	workload monitoring
原典	Banister, E. W., Calvert, T. W., Savage, M. V., & Bach, T. (1975). A systems model of training responses and its relationship to muscular strength. Transactions of the ASME, 97(3), 177-183.	Gabbett, T. J. (2016). The training-injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 273-280.
別名	TRIMP, training impulse, fitness-fatigue model	ACWR, workload ratio, training load balance
関連	3	3
概要	The Training Impulse (TRIMP) model, developed by Eric Banister and colleagues (1975), quantifies the physiological stimulus of a training session by combining duration and intensity. The Banister fitness-fatigue model proposes that training effects on performance follow two opposing dynamics: fitness (beneficial) accumulates with time constant tau_f (~42 days) and fatigue (temporary decrement) accumulates faster but decays quickly (tau_d ~5-10 days). By tracking TRIMP and modeling these two processes, coaches can predict performance trajectories and optimize training load. Although superseded by newer frameworks, the Banister model remains influential and intuitive.	The acute-chronic workload ratio (ACWR) is the ratio of acute training load (typically the past 1 week) to chronic training load (typically the rolling 4-week average). Formalized by Tim Gabbett (2016), ACWR is a widely adopted metric for predicting injury and illness risk in sports. The logic is straightforward: rapid increases in training load—when acute load spikes far above what the athlete has adapted to—exceed tissue tolerance and increase injury risk. Conversely, maintaining ACWR within optimal ranges (typically 0.8-1.3) is associated with better performance and lower injury incidence. ACWR monitoring is now standard in elite sports for load management.