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	Modellazione di Equazioni Strutturali Robusta	Analisi dei percorsi robusta
Campo	Statistica	Statistica
Famiglia	Latent structure	Latent structure
Anno di origine	1994	1998
Ideatore	Albert Satorra & Peter M. Bentler	Yuan & Bentler (robust SEM/path framework); Huber (M-estimation foundation)
Tipo	Latent variable / path model with robust inference	Causal path modeling with robust estimation
Fonte seminale	Satorra, A. & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis (pp. 399–419). Sage.	Yuan, K.-H. & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Robust mean and covariance structure analysis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 51(1), 63–88.
Alias	Robust SEM, SEM with robust standard errors, Satorra-Bentler SEM, non-normal SEM	robust PA, path analysis with robust standard errors, robust causal path modeling, robust structural path modeling
Correlati	5	6
Sintesi	Robust structural equation modeling (Robust SEM) applies the full SEM framework — simultaneous estimation of measurement and structural relations among latent variables — while using corrected test statistics and sandwich standard errors that remain valid when observed data depart from multivariate normality. The Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square is the most widely used correction.	Robust path analysis applies robust estimation — such as sandwich standard errors or M-estimation — to path models that specify directed causal relationships among observed variables. It preserves valid inference about path coefficients and indirect effects when data violate normality, contain outliers, or exhibit heteroscedasticity that would distort conventional standard errors.