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	Rappresentazione di assetto con quaternioni	Filtro di Madgwick
Campo	Aerospaziale	Aerospaziale
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1843	2010
Ideatore	William Hamilton (quaternions), aerospace engineers	Sebastian Madgwick
Tipo	Mathematical framework	Filter algorithm
Fonte seminale	Shuster, M. D. (1993). A survey of attitude representations. Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, 41(4), 439–517.	Madgwick, S. O. H., Harrison, A. J. L., & Vaidyanathan, R. (2011). Estimation of IMU and MARG orientation using a gradient descent algorithm. IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR), 1–7.
Alias	quaternion representation, attitude kinematics, q-vector	Madgwick AHRS, gradient descent attitude filter
Correlati	3	3
Sintesi	Quaternion attitude representation is a mathematical framework for describing three-dimensional rotations using four-dimensional vectors (quaternions). Superior to Euler angles due to the absence of singularities (gimbal lock), quaternions are the standard representation in modern attitude estimation, spacecraft control, and 3D computer graphics. Quaternion kinematics elegantly expresses how attitude evolves under angular velocity measurements from gyroscopes.	The Madgwick Filter is a computationally lightweight attitude estimation algorithm that fuses inertial measurements (accelerometer, gyroscope) with magnetic measurements (magnetometer) to compute a quaternion orientation. Introduced by Sebastian Madgwick in 2010, the algorithm uses gradient descent optimization to minimize the error between measured and expected sensor outputs, yielding accurate, drift-free attitude estimates on embedded systems with minimal computational cost. The Madgwick Filter is now ubiquitous in consumer electronics, robotics, and aerospace systems.