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	La Trasformata di Fourier e l'Analisi Spettrale (FFT)	Decomposizione Empirica dei Modi (EMD)	Trasformata di Hilbert-Huang
Campo	Elaborazione dei segnali	Elaborazione dei segnali	Elaborazione dei segnali
Famiglia	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Anno di origine	1965	1998	1998
Ideatore	James Cooley & John Tukey (FFT)	Norden Huang et al.	Norden Huang et al.
Tipo	Frequency-domain decomposition algorithm	Adaptive data-driven decomposition algorithm	Adaptive time-frequency analysis method
Fonte seminale	Cooley, J. W., & Tukey, J. W. (1965). An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series. Mathematics of Computation, 19(90), 297–301.	Huang, N. E., et al. (1998). The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 454(1971), 903–995.	Huang, N. E., et al. (1998). The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 454(1971), 903–995.
Alias	Fast Fourier Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform, Spectral Analysis, Fourier Dönüşümü	EMD, Intrinsic Mode Decomposition, Adaptive Signal Decomposition, Ampirik Mod Ayrıştırma	HHT, EMD-Hilbert Spectral Analysis, Hilbert Spektral Analizi, Adaptive Time-Frequency Decomposition
Correlati	2	3	2
Sintesi	The Fourier Transform decomposes a time-domain signal into its constituent sinusoidal frequencies, revealing the spectral content hidden within complex waveforms. Joseph Fourier introduced the continuous transform in 1822, but the computationally efficient Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was formalized by James Cooley and John Tukey in 1965. Their landmark algorithm reduced the computational complexity from O(N²) to O(N log N), making large-scale spectral analysis practical across engineering, physics, and data science.	Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is a fully data-driven, adaptive method for decomposing nonlinear and non-stationary time series into a finite set of oscillatory components called Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), plus a monotonic residue. Introduced by Norden E. Huang and colleagues at NASA in 1998, EMD requires no predefined basis functions and derives all components directly from the signal itself, making it fundamentally different from Fourier or wavelet transforms.	The Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is an adaptive, data-driven method for analyzing non-linear and non-stationary time series, introduced by Norden E. Huang and colleagues in 1998. It combines Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), which decomposes a signal into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), with the Hilbert spectral analysis to produce instantaneous frequency and amplitude representations without assuming signal stationarity or linearity.