השוואת שיטות

	Panel TGARCH (Threshold GARCH for Panel Data)	DCC-GARCH (Dynamic Conditional Correlation)	GJR-GARCH (GARCH אסימטרי)	Panel EGARCH	מודל האפקטים הקבועים לנתוני פאנל
תחום	אקונומטריקה	מימון	אקונומטריקה	אקונומטריקה	אקונומטריקה
משפחה	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
שנת המקור	1993–1994 (panel extension: 2000s onward)	2002	1993	1991 (EGARCH); panel extensions widely used from 2000s	2014
הוגה השיטה	Glosten, Jagannathan & Runkle (1993); Zakoian (1994); extended to panel settings by subsequent applied finance literature	Robert F. Engle	Glosten, Jagannathan & Runkle (1993); Zakoian (1994)	Daniel B. Nelson (EGARCH); panel extension by applied econometrics literature	Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data
סוג	Asymmetric conditional volatility model	Multivariate volatility model	Asymmetric conditional volatility model	Volatility model	Panel data regression
מקור מכונן	Glosten, L. R., Jagannathan, R., & Runkle, D. E. (1993). On the relation between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks. Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1779–1801.	Engle, R. (2002). Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate GARCH Models. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(3), 339-350.	Glosten, L. R., Jagannathan, R. & Runkle, D. E. (1993). On the Relation Between the Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Return on Stocks. The Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1779-1801.	Nelson, D. B. (1991). Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A new approach. Econometrica, 59(2), 347–370.	Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
כינויים	Panel GJR-GARCH, Panel Asymmetric GARCH, Panel Threshold GARCH, TGARCH panel model	dynamic conditional correlation, Engle DCC, multivariate GARCH, DCC-GARCH — Dinamik Koşullu Korelasyon	asymmetric GARCH, leverage GARCH, TGARCH, GJR-GARCH — Asimetrik GARCH (Glosten-Jagannathan-Runkle)	Panel EGARCH model, panel exponential GARCH, EGARCH for panel data, cross-sectional EGARCH	fixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli
קשורות	4	5	5	4	5
תקציר	Panel TGARCH extends the Threshold GARCH (GJR-GARCH) model to panel data, allowing each cross-sectional unit to exhibit asymmetric volatility responses — where negative shocks generate larger variance increases than positive shocks of the same magnitude — while exploiting the cross-sectional dimension to obtain more efficient parameter estimates.	DCC-GARCH is Engle's (2002) multivariate volatility model that lets the correlations between several assets change over time. A separate univariate GARCH model is fitted to each series, and then the dynamic correlation matrix is estimated in a second, separate step.	GJR-GARCH is a variant of the GARCH conditional-volatility model that captures the asymmetric effect of negative shocks on volatility using an indicator variable. It was introduced by Glosten, Jagannathan and Runkle (1993), with a closely related threshold formulation by Zakoian (1994).	Panel EGARCH extends Nelson's (1991) Exponential GARCH model to a panel setting, allowing conditional variance to evolve asymmetrically over time for each cross-sectional unit. The log specification ensures non-negative variance without parameter constraints, and the leverage term distinguishes whether negative shocks amplify volatility more than positive ones of equal magnitude.	The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014).