مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	درخت تصمیم منظم شده	درخت تصمیم	درختان اضافی (Extra Trees)	جنگل تصادفی
حوزه	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین
خانواده	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
سال پیدایش	1984	1984	2006	2001
پدیدآور	Breiman, L., Friedman, J., Olshen, R., & Stone, C.	Breiman, Friedman, Olshen & Stone	Geurts, P.; Ernst, D.; Wehenkel, L.	Breiman, L.
نوع	Supervised learning (regularized tree)	Recursive partitioning (if-then rules)	Ensemble (extremely randomized decision trees)	Ensemble (bagging of decision trees)
منبع بنیادین	Breiman, L., Friedman, J., Olshen, R., & Stone, C. (1984). Classification and Regression Trees. Wadsworth. ISBN: 978-0-412-04841-8	Breiman, L., Friedman, J.H., Olshen, R.A. & Stone, C.J. (1984). Classification and Regression Trees. Wadsworth.	Geurts, P., Ernst, D. & Wehenkel, L. (2006). Extremely randomized trees. Machine Learning, 63(1), 3–42.	Breiman, L. (2001). Random Forests. Machine Learning, 45, 5–32.
نام‌های دیگر	pruned decision tree, cost-complexity pruned tree, penalized decision tree, constrained CART	Karar Ağacı (Decision Tree), karar ağacı, classification tree, regression tree	Extremely Randomized Trees, ExtraTreesClassifier, ExtraTreesRegressor, ET	Rastgele Orman (Random Forest), rastgele orman, random decision forest, bagged tree ensemble
مرتبط	6	5	5	4
خلاصه	A regularized decision tree is a decision tree model whose complexity is intentionally limited through pruning, depth constraints, or penalty terms to prevent overfitting. Rooted in Breiman et al.'s CART framework (1984), regularization converts the greedy tree-growing procedure into a bias-variance tradeoff, yielding models that generalize better to unseen data than fully-grown trees.	A Decision Tree is an interpretable classification and regression method, formalised by Breiman, Friedman, Olshen and Stone in their 1984 CART framework, that partitions the data with hierarchical if-then rules. Each split sends observations down one branch or another until a prediction is read off the leaf.	Extra Trees (Extremely Randomized Trees), introduced by Geurts, Ernst, and Wehenkel in 2006, is an ensemble of decision trees that pushes randomisation further than Random Forest. Both the candidate features and the split thresholds are chosen completely at random at each node, eliminating the greedy search over thresholds. This extra randomness reduces variance, often matches or exceeds Random Forest accuracy, and runs substantially faster at training time.	Random Forest is an ensemble learning method, introduced by Leo Breiman in 2001, that grows many decision trees on bootstrap samples of the data and combines their votes to produce strong classification and regression. By pooling many slightly different trees, it produces more accurate and more stable predictions than any single tree.