مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پنل تی‌جی‌ای‌آر‌سی‌اچ (TGARCH آستانه‌ای برای داده‌های پانل)	GJR-GARCH (GARCH نامتقارن)	پنل ای‌جی‌ای‌آر‌سی
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1993–1994 (panel extension: 2000s onward)	1993	1991 (EGARCH); panel extensions widely used from 2000s
پدیدآور	Glosten, Jagannathan & Runkle (1993); Zakoian (1994); extended to panel settings by subsequent applied finance literature	Glosten, Jagannathan & Runkle (1993); Zakoian (1994)	Daniel B. Nelson (EGARCH); panel extension by applied econometrics literature
نوع	Asymmetric conditional volatility model	Asymmetric conditional volatility model	Volatility model
منبع بنیادین	Glosten, L. R., Jagannathan, R., & Runkle, D. E. (1993). On the relation between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks. Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1779–1801.	Glosten, L. R., Jagannathan, R. & Runkle, D. E. (1993). On the Relation Between the Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Return on Stocks. The Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1779-1801.	Nelson, D. B. (1991). Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A new approach. Econometrica, 59(2), 347–370.
نام‌های دیگر	Panel GJR-GARCH, Panel Asymmetric GARCH, Panel Threshold GARCH, TGARCH panel model	asymmetric GARCH, leverage GARCH, TGARCH, GJR-GARCH — Asimetrik GARCH (Glosten-Jagannathan-Runkle)	Panel EGARCH model, panel exponential GARCH, EGARCH for panel data, cross-sectional EGARCH
مرتبط	4	5	4
خلاصه	Panel TGARCH extends the Threshold GARCH (GJR-GARCH) model to panel data, allowing each cross-sectional unit to exhibit asymmetric volatility responses — where negative shocks generate larger variance increases than positive shocks of the same magnitude — while exploiting the cross-sectional dimension to obtain more efficient parameter estimates.	GJR-GARCH is a variant of the GARCH conditional-volatility model that captures the asymmetric effect of negative shocks on volatility using an indicator variable. It was introduced by Glosten, Jagannathan and Runkle (1993), with a closely related threshold formulation by Zakoian (1994).	Panel EGARCH extends Nelson's (1991) Exponential GARCH model to a panel setting, allowing conditional variance to evolve asymmetrically over time for each cross-sectional unit. The log specification ensures non-negative variance without parameter constraints, and the leverage term distinguishes whether negative shocks amplify volatility more than positive ones of equal magnitude.