Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students
The Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students is a comprehensive instrument measuring the frequency of academic procrastination across multiple task types and identifying the underlying reasons for delay. Developed by Solomon and Rothblum in 1984, the PASS provides educators and researchers with actionable data about which academic tasks students avoid and why—information critical for designing targeted interventions to improve academic performance and reduce associated stress.
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- Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503-509. · DOI 10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.503
- Ferrari, J. R., Johnson, J. L., & McCown, W. G. (1995). Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment. Plenum Press. · URL
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