Duke University Religion Index (DUREL)

The DUREL is a brief, five-item self-report measure of religious involvement developed by Koenig and Büssing in 2010. Designed specifically for epidemiological and health services research, it captures three dimensions of religiosity: organizational religious activity (church attendance), non-organizational religious activity (private prayer and study), and intrinsic religiosity (religious motivation and meaning). The scale is widely used in gerontology, medical sociology, and health outcomes research to assess how religious engagement correlates with physical and mental well-being.