PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) is a standardized reporting guideline designed to improve the transparency and completeness of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Introduced in its current form by Page et al. in 2021 as PRISMA 2020, it provides a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram that together ensure every stage of a review — from database searching through final inclusion — is documented and reproducible.