Machine learningDimensionality reduction
Self-Organizing Map (Kohonen Map)
A self-organizing map is an unsupervised neural network, introduced by Teuvo Kohonen in 1982, that projects high-dimensional data onto a low-dimensional (usually two-dimensional) grid of prototype vectors while preserving the data's topology — nearby inputs map to nearby grid cells. It is used for visualization, clustering, and exploratory analysis, turning complex data into an ordered, interpretable map.
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Sources
- Kohonen, T. (1982). Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps. Biological Cybernetics, 43(1), 59–69. DOI: 10.1007/BF00337288 ↗
- Kohonen, T. (1990). The self-organizing map. Proceedings of the IEEE, 78(9), 1464–1480. DOI: 10.1109/5.58325 ↗