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Process / pipelinePatient satisfaction and experience measurement

Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire

Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire - General · Also known as: PSQ, PSQ-18

The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) is a psychometrically validated self-report instrument developed by Ware and colleagues beginning in 1983 to measure patient satisfaction with medical care. The PSQ-18, a shortened version, comprises 18 items assessing general dimensions of healthcare satisfaction including accessibility, provider interaction, and trust.

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Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire
Brief Pain InventoryCAHPS SurveyPatient Health Questionn…Health Literacy Scale

When to use it

PSQ is indicated for assessing patient satisfaction in primary care, specialty care, and outpatient settings where understanding overall patient contentment with care experience is the goal. Use to track satisfaction trends, identify organizational improvement priorities, and benchmark against peer institutions. Most appropriate for research and quality improvement initiatives rather than clinical decision-making about individual patients.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Well-validated psychometric properties with demonstrated reliability and construct validity across diverse patient populations
  • Brief 18-item version minimizes respondent burden while maintaining measurement precision
  • Multidimensional structure allows identification of specific satisfaction domains needing improvement
  • Extensive normative data available for benchmarking against published comparisons
Limitations
  • Satisfaction is a subjective construct influenced by expectations and comparison standards, making cross-population comparisons problematic
  • High ceiling effects common in developed healthcare settings where most patients report satisfaction
  • Weak relationship between satisfaction and objective clinical outcomes or care quality measures

Frequently asked

Is patient satisfaction the same as patient experience?

No, they are related but distinct constructs. Patient experience refers to objective observations of care processes (communication, coordination, timeliness) typically measured by instruments like CAHPS, whereas satisfaction is the subjective evaluation or judgment about whether care met expectations. PSQ measures satisfaction; CAHPS measures experience.

Why do satisfied patients sometimes have poor clinical outcomes?

Satisfaction reflects patient expectations and perceptions of interpersonal care, which may diverge from technical clinical quality. A provider perceived as very pleasant and accessible might still order inappropriate tests or miss diagnoses. Satisfaction and clinical outcomes are important but separate dimensions of care quality.

How should we respond to low PSQ domain scores?

First, examine which specific domains are low (e.g., access vs. communication) to pinpoint improvement targets. Conduct follow-up qualitative interviews or focus groups with dissatisfied patients to understand underlying causes. Then implement targeted interventions—such as extended hours for access problems or communication training for interpersonal concerns—and remeasure to assess improvement.

Sources

  1. Ware, J. E., Snyder, M. K., Wright, W. R., & Davies, A. R. (1983). Defining and measuring patient satisfaction with medical care. Evaluation and Program Planning, 6(3-4), 247-263. DOI: 10.1016/0149-7189(83)90005-8 ↗
  2. Marshall, G. N., Hays, R. D., Sherbourne, C. D., & Wells, K. B. (1993). The structure of patient satisfaction with outpatient medical care. Medical Care, 31(12), 1174-1187. DOI: 10.1037//1040-3590.5.4.477 ↗
  3. Ware, J. E., Hays, R. D., & Marshall, G. N. (1996). Validation of a brief instrument measuring patient satisfaction with medical care. Medical Care, 34(2), 120-131. link ↗

How to cite this page

ScholarGate. (2026, June 3). Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire - General. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/en/health-services/patient-satisfaction-questionnaire

Related methods

Brief Pain InventoryCAHPS SurveyPatient Health Questionnaire-2

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Referenced by

CAHPS SurveyHealth Literacy Scale

Similar methods

CAHPS SurveyClient Satisfaction QuestionnairePatient Satisfaction with CAM ScaleTelemedicine Satisfaction ScalePatient Reported Experience Measure FrameworkTreatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for MedicationPittsburgh Sleep Quality IndexPicker Patient Experience Questionnaire

Related reference concepts

Patient Experience and Satisfaction MeasuresPatient-Reported Outcome MeasuresPatient-Reported OutcomesPatient-Reported Outcomes and ExperienceHealth-Related Quality of LifeMeasurement Validity and Reliability

Spotted an issue on this page? Report or suggest a fix →

ScholarGate — Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire - General). Retrieved 2026-07-20 from https://scholargate.app/en/health-services/patient-satisfaction-questionnaire · Dataset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20539026
Quick facts
Originator
John E. Ware Jr. and Alvin Tarlov
Subfamily
Patient satisfaction and experience measurement
Year
1983
Type
Multi-item satisfaction questionnaire
Related methods
Brief Pain InventoryCAHPS SurveyPatient Health Questionnaire-2
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