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Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial — Group-Level Randomization

A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical.

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Sources

  1. Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978
  2. Hayes, R. J., & Moulton, L. H. (2017). Cluster Randomised Trials (2nd ed.). CRC Press / Chapman & Hall. ISBN: 978-1498728225

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Referenced by

ScholarGateCluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/experimental-design/cluster-randomized-controlled-trial