Group Environment Questionnaire
The GEQ is an 18-item instrument measuring team cohesion—the degree to which team members feel attracted to the group and perceive the group as unified around shared task and social goals. Developed by Carron, Widmeyer, and Brawley in 1985, the GEQ has become the gold standard for measuring cohesion in sport teams and is used to predict team performance, member satisfaction, and team retention.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Carron, A. V., Widmeyer, W. N., & Brawley, L. R. (1985). The development of an instrument to assess cohesiveness in sport teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7(3), 244–266. · DOI 10.1123/jsp.7.3.244
- Eys, M. A., Carron, A. V., Bray, S. R., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2003). The relationship between correlates of cohesion and attendance in interactive and coactive sport teams. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25(1), 59–72. · URL
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