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Depression Anxiety Stress Scales/Evidence
Method evidence record

Depression Anxiety Stress Scales

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties.

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Source record

Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)
Taxonomic method record · process-pipeline / clinical-psychology
  • Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. · URL
  • Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227-239. · DOI 10.1348/014466505X29657
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Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Same method familyCenter for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scalemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyGeneral Health Questionnairemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyHamilton Anxiety Rating Scalemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyHospital Anxiety and Depression Scalemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyKessler Psychological Distress Scalemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Evidence status

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Sources

2 recorded citations, copied from the method source record.

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