Process / pipelineHospital and medical setting assessment

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.

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Sources

  1. Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
  2. Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: An updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52(2), 69-77. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00296-3

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ScholarGateHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/clinical-psychology/hads