Process / pipelineDimensional psychopathology assessment

Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties.

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Sources

  1. Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link
  2. Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227-239. DOI: 10.1348/014466505X29657

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Referenced by

ScholarGateDepression Anxiety Stress Scales (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/clinical-psychology/dass-21