Process / pipelineStrategic environmental planning
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.
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Sources
- Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910
- United Nations Environment Programme. (2002). EIA Training Resource Manual (2nd ed.). UNEP. link ↗
- International Finance Corporation. (2012). Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability. IFC. link ↗