Process / pipelineHazardous site remediation
Soil Remediation
Soil remediation encompasses a suite of technologies and strategies to treat contaminated soil at sites with elevated levels of organic compounds, heavy metals, radionuclides, or other hazardous substances. Systematized by the US EPA in the 1980s following industrial accidents and legacy contamination discoveries, soil remediation methods range from in situ (biological, chemical, thermal) to ex situ (excavation, treatment, off-site disposal) approaches. The selection process integrates site characterization, contaminant bioavailability, regulatory risk thresholds, and cost-benefit analysis.
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Sources
- Twardowska, I., Allen, H. E., Häggblom, M. M., & Stefaniak, S. (Eds.). (2004). Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1402003349
- Margesin, R., & Schinner, F. (Eds.). (2005). Manual for Soil Analysis – Monitoring and Assessing Soil Bioremediation. Springer. ISBN: 978-3540253990
- US Environmental Protection Agency. (2012). Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide (4th ed.). EPA 542-B-12-001. link ↗