Regression modelEconometrics / time series

Panel System GMM (Blundell-Bond Estimator)

Panel System GMM is a two-equation GMM estimator for dynamic panel data that stacks the differenced equation (using lagged levels as instruments) with the levels equation (using lagged differences as instruments). Developed by Blundell and Bond (1998) on the foundation of Arellano and Bover (1995), it is the preferred tool when the lagged dependent variable is highly persistent or individual effects are large.

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Sources

  1. Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115–143. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00009-8
  2. Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29–51. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-D

Related methods

Referenced by

ScholarGatePanel System GMM (Panel System Generalized Method of Moments Estimator). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/econometrics/panel-system-gmm