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Home›Child Psychiatry›Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children
Process / pipelinepediatric anxiety disorders

Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children

Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) · Also known as: MASC, MASC-2

The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC-2) is a 39-item self-report measure of anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents ages 8–19 years. Developed by John March and colleagues in 1997, the MASC operationalizes anxiety as a multifaceted construct comprising physical symptoms, social anxiety, harm avoidance, and separation/panic concerns. The revised MASC-2 (2012) improved psychometric properties and clinical utility. It is widely used in clinical and research settings for screening, diagnosis, and outcome measurement in childhood anxiety disorders.

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Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children
Children's Depression In…Children's Yale-Brown Ob…Revised Children's Anxie…

When to use it

Primary uses: (1) Screening for anxiety disorders in children presenting with worry, social avoidance, somatic complaints, or panic symptoms; (2) severity rating at baseline to quantify anxiety and guide treatment intensity; (3) outcome measurement in RCTs of cognitive-behavioral therapy or medication for anxiety; (4) treatment monitoring every 4–8 weeks to track improvement and guide therapy adjustments; (5) differential diagnosis (distinguishing anxiety from ADHD, depression, OCD); (6) research on anxiety natural history, subtypes, and treatment response.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Multidimensional: captures four anxiety domains; better specificity than single-factor anxiety scales.
  • Age-appropriate: language and items tailored for children ages 8–19; captures developmentally-relevant fears (separation, peer judgment, school performance).
  • Excellent psychometric properties: internal consistency (Cronbach's α) 0.80–0.90 across subscales; test-retest r >0.75.
  • Norm-referenced: extensive norms by age group and gender; T-scores and percentiles available.
  • Sensitive to treatment change: significant decreases with CBT or SSRI; effect sizes detectable.
  • Extensively validated: used in 300+ published studies; validated across cultures and clinical populations.
  • Brief and efficient: 39 items take 10–15 minutes; feasible in primary care and high-volume screening.
  • Strong predictive validity: elevated MASC-2 predicts anxiety disorder diagnosis on structured interview.
Limitations
  • Relies on self-report: some anxious children minimize symptoms due to shame or desire to appear 'okay'; parent-report or behavioral observation may differ.
  • Does not assess all anxiety manifestations: school refusal, avoidance behaviors, specific phobias not fully captured. Comprehensive anxiety assessment requires interview and observation.
  • Subscale intercorrelations moderate (r 0.5–0.7); not fully independent constructs. High correlations suggest shared anxiety factor underlying all subscales.
  • Limited validity for children <8 years: language complexity and abstract anxiety concepts (worry, panic) difficult for younger children; use alternative measures (SCARED for ages 8+).
  • Does not assess OCD or PTSD specifically: harm avoidance items capture some OCD/PTSD features but are not sufficient for those diagnoses. Use OCD- or trauma-specific measures.
  • Cultural variation in anxiety expression: some cultures emphasize somatic anxiety (physical symptoms), others emotional (worry). MASC may over-identify somatic anxiety in some cultures.

Frequently asked

My child's MASC-2 score is 68 (T-score). Does this mean they have an anxiety disorder?

A T-score of 68 indicates elevated anxiety (approximately 93rd percentile) and suggests possible anxiety disorder. However, MASC-2 is screening tool—diagnosis requires clinical interview assessing: (1) specific anxiety symptoms and their frequency/severity; (2) age of onset (typically before age 12); (3) functional impairment (avoiding school, activities, social situations); (4) duration (symptoms for ≥4 weeks per DSM-5); (5) exclusion of other causes (medical illness, medication, trauma). Elevated MASC-2 warrants diagnostic evaluation, not diagnosis.

My child's Physical Symptoms subscale is very high but Social Anxiety is low. What does this mean?

High Physical Symptoms with low Social Anxiety suggests your child experiences significant physical anxiety (rapid heartbeat, dizziness, muscle tension, shortness of breath) but is not specifically worried about social judgment. This profile is consistent with panic disorder or generalized anxiety with somatic focus. Treatment should address panic symptoms through exposure-based therapy (gradually facing situations that trigger panic to build confidence), breathing techniques, and possibly medication. Reassurance from physician that physical symptoms are not dangerous is often helpful.

MASC-2 showed my child's Separation/Panic subscale is elevated. Is my child dependent?

Elevated Separation/Panic subscale indicates separation anxiety symptoms (distress when away from parents, fear of harm to self or parents), not dependence or immaturity. Separation anxiety is developmentally normal in young children (ages 6–8) but becomes concerning if persistent in older children/adolescents or if it prevents school attendance or age-appropriate independence. Treatment involves gradual, supported exposure to separation and cognitive-behavioral approaches to address catastrophic thinking.

Can MASC-2 predict whether my child will benefit from medication?

MASC-2 measures anxiety symptom severity and type, not treatment responsiveness. General guidelines: moderate-to-high anxiety (T 60–75) may respond to therapy alone (CBT first-line); higher anxiety (T>75) or comorbid depression may benefit from combined therapy + SSRI medication. Factors predicting good medication response: moderate baseline anxiety, high insight, family support, few comorbidities. Discuss medication vs. therapy options with psychiatrist after comprehensive evaluation.

Sources

  1. March, J. S., Parker, J. D. A., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, C. K. (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 554–565. DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019 ↗
  2. March, J. S., & Curry, J. F. (2009). Psychometric properties of the MASC-2. Journal of Attention Disorders, 13(1), 46–59. link ↗

How to cite this page

ScholarGate. (2026, June 3). Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC). ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/en/child-psychiatry/multidimensional-anxiety-children

Related methods

Children's Depression InventoryChildren's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive ScaleRevised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale

Which method?

Set this method beside its closest kin and read them side by side — the library lays the books on the table; the choice is yours.

  • Children's Depression InventoryChild Psychiatry↔ compare
  • Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive ScaleChild Psychiatry↔ compare
  • Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression ScaleChild Psychiatry↔ compare
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Referenced by

Children's Depression InventoryRevised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale

Similar methods

Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression ScaleSeparation Anxiety QuestionnaireChild PTSD Symptom ScaleMathematics Anxiety Rating ScaleSocial Media Anxiety ScaleChildren's Depression InventoryCOVID-19 Anxiety ScaleBeck Anxiety Inventory

Related reference concepts

Generalized Anxiety DisorderSeparation Anxiety DisorderAnxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive-Related DisordersSocial Anxiety DisorderAnxiety and Depression in Children and AdolescentsDepression and Anxiety Disorders

Spotted an issue on this page? Report or suggest a fix →

ScholarGate — Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC)). Retrieved 2026-07-20 from https://scholargate.app/en/child-psychiatry/multidimensional-anxiety-children · Dataset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20539026
Quick facts
Originator
John March
Subfamily
pediatric anxiety disorders
Year
1997
Type
Self-report questionnaire
Related methods
Children's Depression InventoryChildren's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive ScaleRevised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale
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