Breusch-Pagan Test
The Breusch-Pagan test, introduced by Trevor Breusch and Adrian Pagan in 1979, is a Lagrange-multiplier test for heteroskedasticity — the condition where the variance of a regression's errors changes with the explanatory variables. It works by regressing the squared OLS residuals on candidate variables and checking whether they explain any of the residual variation, signalling that the constant-variance assumption is violated.
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- Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1979). A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica, 47(5), 1287–1294. · DOI 10.2307/1911963
- Koenker, R. (1981). A note on studentizing a test for heteroscedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 17(1), 107–112. · DOI 10.1016/0304-4076(81)90062-2
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