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| Escala de Lleialtat del Client× | Índex Americà de Satisfacció del Client (ACSI)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Camp | Direcció de màrqueting | Direcció de màrqueting |
| Família | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Any d'origen≠ | 1994 | 1996 |
| Autor original≠ | Alan S. Dick, Kunal Basu | Claes Fornell, Michael D. Johnson, Eugene W. Anderson, Jaesung Cha, Barbara E. Bryant |
| Tipus≠ | Multi-dimensional behavioral and attitudinal loyalty scale | Structural equation model for satisfaction and loyalty |
| Font seminal≠ | Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99-113. DOI ↗ | Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7-18. DOI ↗ |
| Àlies | Behavioral Loyalty Scale, Loyalty Commitment Scale | ACSI, National Customer Satisfaction Index |
| Relacionats | 4 | 4 |
| Resum≠ | The Customer Loyalty Scale (CLS) measures customer loyalty as a combination of attitudinal commitment and behavioral intention. Developed by Dick and Basu (1994), the scale distinguishes between behavioral loyalty (repeat purchases) and attitudinal loyalty (emotional commitment), recognizing that true loyalty involves both. CLS captures multiple dimensions of loyalty including repurchase intention, word-of-mouth advocacy, and resistance to competitive offerings. The instrument is widely used in marketing research to predict customer lifetime value and identify at-risk customers. | The American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), developed by Fornell and colleagues in 1996, is a structural equation modeling-based approach to measuring and predicting customer satisfaction across industries and over time. ACSI assesses customer expectations, perceived value, perceived quality, complaints, and loyalty in a unified framework. Since 1994, ACSI data has been collected quarterly on thousands of customers across diverse U.S. industries, making it a key economic indicator and benchmark for organizational performance. |
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