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API-ভিত্তিক ডেটা সংগ্রহAPI-based data collection is a systematic technique in which a researcher sends structured requests to an application programming interface to retrieve data automatically from digi ক্যাপচার-রিক্যাপচার জনসংখ্যা প্রাক্কলনCapture-recapture (also known as mark-recapture) is a statistical method for estimating the size of an unknown population by sampling it twice and tracking which individuals appear ডেলি পদ্ধতিThe Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Develope ডায়েরি পদ্ধতিThe diary method is a data-collection technique in which participants record their thoughts, behaviours, events, or experiences in their own words at regular or event-contingent in নথি সংগ্রহDocument collection is a systematic data-collection technique in which the researcher gathers and reviews existing written, visual, or digital records — such as reports, meeting mi মুখোমুখি ডেলফি পদ্ধতিThe face-to-face Delphi Technique is a structured, iterative consensus-building method conducted through in-person sessions with a purposively selected panel of experts. Across mul

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ডায়েরি পদ্ধতি1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942)Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries) কর্তৃক
দীর্ঘমেয়াদী সমীক্ষা1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th centuryEstablished tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies) কর্তৃক
কাঠামোবদ্ধ সাক্ষাৎকার1940s–1950sSurvey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century কর্তৃক
অংশগ্রহণহীন পর্যবেক্ষণFormalized mid-20th century (Gold 1958); practice dates to late 19th-century social surveysRaymond Gold (role typology); earlier roots in social survey movement and Chicago School sociology কর্তৃক
অনলাইন জরিপMid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks) কর্তৃক
সেন্সর ডেটা সংগ্রহ1990s–2000s (widespread deployment with IoT ~2000s)Multidisciplinary; sensor networks formalized in engineering and computer science from the 1990s onward কর্তৃক
API-ভিত্তিক ডেটা সংগ্রহ2000s–2010s (formalized as a research method)Emerged from computational social science and web 2.0 platform practices কর্তৃক
ক্ষেত্র নোটLate 19th century (formalized in 20th century)Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al. কর্তৃক

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