Percentage of Nonoverlapping Data
The Percentage of Nonoverlapping Data (PND) is a simple effect-size index for single-case research that summarizes how strongly a treatment phase departs from baseline by counting the share of treatment data points that lie beyond the most extreme baseline point. Introduced by Thomas Scruggs, Margo Mastropieri, and Glendon Casto in 1987 to allow quantitative synthesis of single-subject studies, it produces a single 0–100% number that complements visual analysis and can be aggregated across cases in a meta-analysis of single-case designs.
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خريطة المناهج
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المصادر
- Scruggs, T. E., Mastropieri, M. A., & Casto, G. (1987). The quantitative synthesis of single-subject research: Methodology and validation. Remedial and Special Education, 8(2), 24–33. DOI: 10.1177/074193258700800206 ↗
- Parker, R. I., Vannest, K. J., & Davis, J. L. (2011). Effect size in single-case research: A review of nine nonoverlap techniques. Behavior Modification, 35(4), 303–322. DOI: 10.1177/0145445511399147 ↗
كيف تستشهد بهذه الصفحة
ScholarGate. (2026, June 22). Percentage of Nonoverlapping Data for Single-Case Effect Estimation. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/ar/social-work/percentage-nonoverlapping-data
أيُّ منهج؟
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- Nonoverlap of All PairsSocial Work↔ قارن
- Single-System DesignSocial Work↔ قارن
- Tau-USocial Work↔ قارن
- Visual Analysis of Single-Case DataSocial Work↔ قارن