قارن الطرق

	كروماتوغرافيا سائلة عالية الأداء (HPLC)	الأنف الإلكتروني	معايرة كارل فيشر
المجال	علوم الأغذية	علوم الأغذية	علوم الأغذية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1970	1982	1935
صاحب الطريقة	Csaba Horváth	Krishna Persaud	Karl Fischer
النوع	Separation and Quantification Technique	Chemical Sensing Device	Titrimetric Water Determination
المصدر التأسيسي	Snyder, L. R., Kirkland, J. J., & Dolan, J. W. (2010). Introduction to modern liquid chromatography (3rd ed.). Wiley.	Persaud, K., & Dodd, G. (1982). Analysis of discrimination mechanisms in the mammalian olfactory system using a model nose. Nature, 299(5881), 352-355.	Karl Fischer. Neue Methode zur Maßstabbestimmung des Wassers in Flüssigkeiten und Gasen. Angewandte Chemie, 48(44), 394-396. (1935)
الأسماء البديلة	HPLC, high-pressure liquid chromatography	e-Nose, artificial olfaction	KFT
ذات صلة	3	3	3
الملخص	High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical technique that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a complex food sample by passing the sample through a pressurized column packed with a stationary phase. Developed by Horváth in the early 1970s, HPLC enables rapid, sensitive measurement of nutrients, contaminants, additives, and bioactive compounds in food products with high precision and accuracy.	An electronic nose (e-nose) is an instrumental analytical device that mimics the mammalian olfactory system to detect and identify volatile organic compounds (odors) in food products. Developed by Persaud and Dodd in 1982, e-noses use arrays of non-selective chemical sensors combined with pattern recognition algorithms to create electronic signatures of food aromas, enabling objective, rapid quality assessment and shelf-life prediction.	Karl Fischer Titration (KFT) is a precise analytical method for determining water content in food and pharmaceutical products. Developed by Karl Fischer in 1935, KFT uses a chemical reaction between water and an iodine-based titrant, allowing quantification of moisture with exceptional accuracy and sensitivity. KFT is the official gold-standard method for water determination in numerous food and pharmaceutical standards worldwide.