方法证据记录
Longitudinal Causal-Comparative Research
Longitudinal causal-comparative research is a non-experimental quantitative design that compares pre-existing groups on one or more dependent variables across multiple measurement points over time. Unlike true experiments, the researcher does not manipulate the independent variable; instead, naturally occurring group differences (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status, diagnostic category) are examined to explore their relationship to outcomes as they evolve longitudinally.
源记录
引文逐字复制自方法源记录。这些引文不代表任何层级的验证。
Longitudinal Causal-Comparative Research Design
分类方法记录 · process-pipeline / research-design
- Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill. · ISBN 978-0073525532
- Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational Research: An Introduction (8th ed.). Pearson. [Chapter on causal-comparative and longitudinal designs] · ISBN 978-0205488490
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