方法对比
并排查看您选择的方法；存在差异的行会高亮显示。
| 排外量表× | 社会凝聚力量表× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 政治社会学 | 政治社会学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 2009–2016 | 1997–2006 |
| 提出者≠ | Alin Ceobanu, Xavier Escandell, Elke Schlueter | Robert Sampson, Ray Forrest, Akhtar Kearns |
| 类型 | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| 开创性文献≠ | Ceobanu, A. M., & Escandell, X. (2010). Comparative analyses of public attitudes toward immigrants and immigration using multinational survey data: The European Social Survey. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(6), 953-969. link ↗ | Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918-924. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | XS, Anti-Immigration Attitude Scale | SCS, Social Integration Index |
| 相关 | 5 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | The Xenophobia Scale measures fear, discomfort, or prejudice toward foreign nationals and immigrants. Unlike immigration policy preferences (which can reflect economic or pragmatic considerations), xenophobia captures affective and attitudinal dimensions—emotional threat perception, negative stereotypes, and cultural distance. Developed by migration scholars including Ceobanu and Escandell, it is essential for understanding antiforeign sentiment and discriminatory attitudes across diverse contexts. | The Social Cohesion Scale measures the degree to which members of a community feel integrated, connected, and unified by shared values and mutual support. Developed across multiple traditions—notably by Robert Sampson and colleagues in criminology and urban sociology, and by Forrest & Kearns in housing research—it assesses both the structural glue (institutions, networks) and affective bonds (belonging, solidarity) that hold communities together. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
|
|