方法对比

	Wright Map Analysis	Rasch 模型
领域	Education	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	2005	1960
提出者	Benjamin Wright (Rasch measurement); construct-mapping framing by Mark Wilson	Georg Rasch
类型	Graphical display aligning person abilities and item difficulties on one scale	Item Response Theory / Latent trait model
开创性文献	Wilson, M. (2005). Constructing Measures: An Item Response Modeling Approach. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 9780805847857	Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen.
别名	Item-Person Map, Item Map, Construct Map (Rasch), Variable Map	1PL IRT, one-parameter logistic model, Rasch Modeli — 1PL IRT, 1PL model
相关	4	6
摘要	A Wright map (item-person map) is the signature graphical output of Rasch measurement: it places persons and items on the same vertical scale, with examinee abilities on one side and item difficulties on the other, both in logits. Because a person succeeds on an item with probability one-half when their ability equals the item's difficulty, this shared scaling lets analysts see at a glance how well a test is targeted to its examinees, what the items reveal about the construct's order, and where measurement is sparse. Named for Benjamin Wright and central to Mark Wilson's construct-mapping approach, it is a primary tool for interpreting and validating measures.	The Rasch model, introduced by Georg Rasch in 1960, is the simplest member of the Item Response Theory (IRT) family. It assigns a single difficulty parameter to each test item and places both item difficulties and person abilities on the same logit scale, enabling direct, sample-independent comparison of items and persons.