方法对比

	Wright Map Analysis	项目反应理论 (IRT)
领域	Education	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	2005	1952–1968
提出者	Benjamin Wright (Rasch measurement); construct-mapping framing by Mark Wilson	Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models)
类型	Graphical display aligning person abilities and item difficulties on one scale	Probabilistic measurement model
开创性文献	Wilson, M. (2005). Constructing Measures: An Item Response Modeling Approach. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 9780805847857	Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley.
别名	Item-Person Map, Item Map, Construct Map (Rasch), Variable Map	IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory
相关	4	5
摘要	A Wright map (item-person map) is the signature graphical output of Rasch measurement: it places persons and items on the same vertical scale, with examinee abilities on one side and item difficulties on the other, both in logits. Because a person succeeds on an item with probability one-half when their ability equals the item's difficulty, this shared scaling lets analysts see at a glance how well a test is targeted to its examinees, what the items reveal about the construct's order, and where measurement is sparse. Named for Benjamin Wright and central to Mark Wilson's construct-mapping approach, it is a primary tool for interpreting and validating measures.	Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons.