方法对比

	Web Scraping	文献收集
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 1990s–2000s	19th–20th century historical methods; contemporary social-science codification c. 2000s
提出者	Early internet practitioners; systematised in research contexts from the late 1990s onward	Rooted in historical and social science traditions; systematized by Lindsay Prior and Glenn Bowen
类型	Automated digital data collection technique	Qualitative / mixed data-collection technique
开创性文献	Mitchell, R. (2018). Web Scraping with Python: Collecting More Data from the Modern Web (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media. ISBN: 978-1491985571	Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.
别名	web harvesting, screen scraping, web crawling, automated data extraction	document analysis, documentary method, document review, secondary document analysis
相关	5	3
摘要	Web scraping is a computational data collection technique in which software automatically retrieves and extracts structured or semi-structured content from websites. Widely used in social science, computational linguistics, economics, and information science, it enables researchers to assemble large datasets from publicly accessible web sources — such as news archives, social media platforms, government portals, and online marketplaces — that would be impractical to collect manually.	Document collection is a systematic data-collection technique in which the researcher gathers and reviews existing written, visual, or digital records — such as reports, meeting minutes, policies, letters, photographs, or institutional records — as primary or supplementary evidence. It is widely used in qualitative, historical, and mixed-methods research and can stand alone or complement interviews and observation.