方法对比

	Utrecht Work Engagement Scale	General Self-Efficacy Scale
领域	社会心理学	社会心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2002	1995
提出者	Wilmar Schaufeli, Arnold Bakker, and Marisa Salanova	Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem
类型	Occupational well-being and engagement scale	Generalized self-efficacy and coping capacity measure
开创性文献	Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92.	Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson. ISBN: 978-0700522286
别名	UWES, Work Engagement Scale, Schaufeli Work Engagement	GSE, Schwarzer Self-Efficacy, General Self-Efficacy
相关	3	3
摘要	The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) is a 17-item instrument measuring work engagement—a positive, fulfilling psychological state characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption in work. Developed by Wilmar Schaufeli and colleagues in 2002, the UWES operationalizes engagement as the positive antipode to burnout, reflecting energetic involvement, strong commitment, and deep focus in occupational tasks. The scale has become the standard measure for assessing work engagement in organizational research and occupational health.	The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a 10-item measure assessing beliefs in one's ability to handle difficult situations and to cope with challenges through adaptive effort. Developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in the mid-1990s, the GSE operationalizes self-efficacy as a generalized confidence in one's capacity to manage stressors across diverse situations, rather than task-specific confidence. The scale has become widely used in health psychology, occupational research, and studies examining resilience and adaptive coping.