方法对比

	三角半结构化访谈	半结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Formalized in practice from the late 1970s onward	1946 (Merton & Kendall); codified as a standard method through the 1980s–1990s
提出者	Synthesized from Norman K. Denzin (triangulation) and H. Russell Bernard (semi-structured interviewing)	Robert K. Merton and Patricia Kendall (focused interview, 1946); further systematised by Steinar Kvale
类型	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.	Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422
别名	triangulated qualitative interview, multi-source semi-structured interview, triangulated in-depth interview, convergent interview strategy	guided interview, semi-standardized interview, focused interview, SSI
相关	3	6
摘要	A triangulated semi-structured interview strategy combines the flexibility of open-ended, guided interviewing with deliberate triangulation across multiple informant groups, data sources, or interview occasions. By applying the same semi-structured protocol to different participant perspectives — such as clients, providers, and managers — or by pairing interviews with documents and observations, the approach cross-validates emerging themes and reduces the risk that any single viewpoint dominates the findings. The result is richer, more credible qualitative data than a single-source interview study can deliver.	The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher prepares a set of key questions or topic areas in advance but remains free to probe, follow up, and reorder as the conversation evolves. Unlike structured interviews — which fix every question and sequence — or unstructured interviews — which are entirely open — the semi-structured format balances comparability across participants with the flexibility needed to capture the depth and nuance of individual perspectives. It is the most widely used interview format in social science, health, and education research.