方法对比

	三角深度访谈	半结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1978 (triangulation framework); in-depth interviewing ~1950s onward	1946 (Merton & Kendall); codified as a standard method through the 1980s–1990s
提出者	Norman K. Denzin (triangulation framework); in-depth interviewing practice is longstanding in qualitative research	Robert K. Merton and Patricia Kendall (focused interview, 1946); further systematised by Steinar Kvale
类型	Qualitative data collection approach	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.	Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422
别名	triangulated IDI, multi-source in-depth interview, triangulated qualitative interview, converging in-depth interview	guided interview, semi-standardized interview, focused interview, SSI
相关	4	6
摘要	Triangulated in-depth interviewing applies Denzin's triangulation logic to the in-depth interview method by deliberately combining multiple sources of convergent evidence — different informants, interviewers, time points, or corroborating data types — to strengthen confidence in qualitative findings. Rather than relying on a single interview account, the researcher gathers rich, open-ended accounts from several vantage points and cross-checks them for consistency and divergence, treating agreement as corroboration and disagreement as analytically meaningful.	The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher prepares a set of key questions or topic areas in advance but remains free to probe, follow up, and reorder as the conversation evolves. Unlike structured interviews — which fix every question and sequence — or unstructured interviews — which are entirely open — the semi-structured format balances comparability across participants with the flexibility needed to capture the depth and nuance of individual perspectives. It is the most widely used interview format in social science, health, and education research.