方法对比

	三角文档集	文献收集
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1978 (triangulation); 2009 (document analysis as method)	19th–20th century historical methods; contemporary social-science codification c. 2000s
提出者	Norman K. Denzin (triangulation principle); Glenn Bowen (document analysis formalization)	Rooted in historical and social science traditions; systematized by Lindsay Prior and Glenn Bowen
类型	Qualitative/mixed-methods data collection strategy	Qualitative / mixed data-collection technique
开创性文献	Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.	Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.
别名	documentary triangulation, multi-source document collection, cross-source document analysis, data triangulation via documents	document analysis, documentary method, document review, secondary document analysis
相关	4	3
摘要	Triangulated document collection is a qualitative data collection strategy in which documents from multiple independent sources are gathered and cross-checked against one another. By drawing on different document types — such as official records, personal archives, institutional reports, and media artifacts — the researcher reduces reliance on any single source and strengthens the credibility of the evidence base. The approach applies Denzin's data triangulation principle directly to documentary material.	Document collection is a systematic data-collection technique in which the researcher gathers and reviews existing written, visual, or digital records — such as reports, meeting minutes, policies, letters, photographs, or institutional records — as primary or supplementary evidence. It is widely used in qualitative, historical, and mixed-methods research and can stand alone or complement interviews and observation.