方法对比

	多伦多共情问卷	文化智力量表
领域	社会心理学	社会心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2009	2003
提出者	Randy Spreng, Mary McKinnon, Raymond Mar, and Brian Levine	Christopher Earley and Soon Ang
类型	Empathic ability and emotional responsiveness measure	Cultural competence and adaptability scale
开创性文献	Spreng, R. N., McKinnon, M. C., Mar, R. A., & Levine, B. (2009). The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(1), 62–71.	Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. Stanford University Press. ISBN: 978-0804747929
别名	TEQ, Toronto Empathy Scale	CQS, Cultural Intelligence, Cultural Quotient
相关	3	3
摘要	The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) is a 16-item self-report measure of empathic ability and emotional responsiveness to others' emotions. Developed by Randy Spreng and colleagues in 2009, the TEQ captures affective empathy—the capacity to feel and share another person's emotions—rather than cognitive perspective-taking. The scale has become widely used in social, clinical, and neuroscience research examining individual differences in emotional empathy and its correlates with mental health, prosocial behavior, and brain structure.	The Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) is a 20-item measure assessing an individual's capability to function effectively in culturally diverse contexts and to adapt behavior appropriately across cultural settings. Developed by Christopher Earley and Soon Ang in the early 2000s, the CQS operationalizes cultural intelligence as a multidimensional competence involving cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral components. The measure has become standard in organizational psychology and international business research for evaluating cross-cultural effectiveness.