方法对比

	Time-Use Analysis	描述性统计	Gender Gap Decomposition	Unpaid Work Valuation
领域	Gender Studies	统计学	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test	Regression model	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1991	1977	1973	2008
提出者	Time-use survey methodologists (F. Thomas Juster; Jonathan Gershuny)	John W. Tukey	Ronald Oaxaca & Alan Blinder	Feminist economists & national-accounts statisticians (Nancy Folbre; UN SNA)
类型	Diary-based measurement and analysis of activity time allocation	Summary procedure	Regression-based decomposition of a mean group difference	Imputation-based monetary valuation of non-market work
开创性文献	Juster, F. T., & Stafford, F. P. (1991). The allocation of time: Empirical findings, behavioral models, and problems of measurement. Journal of Economic Literature, 29(2), 471–522.	Tukey, J.W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 978-0201076165	Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14(3), 693–709.	European Commission, IMF, OECD, United Nations, & World Bank (2009). System of National Accounts 2008. United Nations. ISBN: 9789211615227
别名	Time Use Survey Analysis, Time Diary Analysis, Time Allocation Analysis	summary statistics, exploratory data summary, Betimsel İstatistik	Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition, Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition, Wage Gap Decomposition	Household Production Valuation, Valuation of Unpaid Care Work, Imputed Value of Unpaid Work
相关	3	6	3	4
摘要	Time-use analysis measures how people allocate their time across activities — paid work, unpaid domestic and care work, leisure, sleep, and more — typically using detailed daily diaries collected through time-use surveys. It is the foundational method for making visible the unpaid and care work that gross domestic product ignores, and it is central to gender studies because it quantifies the unequal division of household labor between women and men.	Descriptive statistics is a set of procedures that numerically and visually summarises the essential characteristics of a dataset: central tendency (mean, median, mode), spread (standard deviation, interquartile range), shape (skewness, kurtosis), and frequency distributions. Systematised for applied data analysis by John W. Tukey in his 1977 work on Exploratory Data Analysis, descriptive statistics serves as the indispensable first step before any inferential or modelling procedure.	Gender gap decomposition, most often implemented as the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, splits the mean difference in an outcome such as wages between men and women into a part explained by differences in measured characteristics (education, experience, occupation) and an unexplained residual part attributed to differences in how those characteristics are rewarded. Introduced independently by Ronald Oaxaca and Alan Blinder in 1973, it is the workhorse method for quantifying how much of the gender pay gap reflects composition versus differential treatment.	Unpaid work valuation assigns a monetary value to the household and care work — cooking, cleaning, childcare, eldercare — that falls outside the market and is therefore excluded from gross domestic product. By multiplying measured hours of unpaid work by an imputed wage, it makes the economic contribution of this overwhelmingly female-performed labor visible, typically reported in national-accounts satellite accounts as recommended by the System of National Accounts.