方法对比

	temporomandibular disorders (TMD) 的研究诊断标准 (RDC/TMD)	改良型牙科焦虑量表 (MDAS)	口干症量表 (XI)
领域	口腔医学	口腔医学	口腔医学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1992 (original), 2014 (current DC/TMD)	1995	1999
提出者	Schiffman, Ohrbach, and International Consortium	Gerry M. Humphris et al.	Wayne M. Thomson et al.
类型	Structured diagnostic interview and clinical examination	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
开创性文献	Schiffman, E., Ohrbach, R., Truelove, E., Look, J., Anderson, G., Goulet, J.-P., & Drangsholt, M. (2014). Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: Recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group. Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache, 28(1), 6-27.	Humphris, G. M., Morrison, T., & Lindsay, S. J. (1995). The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale: validation and United Kingdom norms. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 23(6), 326-330.	Thomson, W. M., Chalmers, J. M., Spencer, A. J., & Williams, S. M. (1999). The xerostomia inventory: A multi-item approach to measuring dry mouth. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 27(6), 406-412.
别名	RDC/TMD, Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD)	MDAS, Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS)	Xerostomia Inventory (XI), XI Scale
相关	3	2	3
摘要	The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) is a comprehensive, evidence-based diagnostic system for identifying and classifying temporomandibular disorders (TMD)—a group of painful and functional conditions affecting the jaw joint, muscles of mastication, and related structures. Originally developed in 1992 by Schiffman and colleagues and updated to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) in 2014, the RDC/TMD is the international gold standard for TMD diagnosis in research and clinical practice. It combines structured patient history, pain questionnaires, and standardized clinical examination to reliably diagnose muscle disorders, intra-articular disorders, and headache associated with TMD.	The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) is a brief 5-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety anticipation and response to common dental situations. Developed by Humphris and colleagues in 1995 as a refinement of prior instruments, the MDAS has become the gold standard for rapid dental anxiety screening in clinical practice and research. Its brevity, psychometric rigor, and clinical utility have made it the most frequently used measure of dental anxiety internationally.	The Xerostomia Inventory (XI) is an 11-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure subjective perception of dry mouth (xerostomia). Developed by Thomson and colleagues in 1999, it has become the standard validated instrument for assessing dry mouth severity in clinical practice and research. The XI captures both the frequency and severity of oral dryness symptoms and their impact on daily functioning, distinguishing symptomatic xerostomia from objective salivary gland dysfunction.