方法对比
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| 调查研究× | 面板研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 研究设计 | 研究设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Late 19th century; methodologically systematised 1940s–1960s | 1970s-1980s (econometric formalization); earlier social survey use from 1940s |
| 提出者≠ | Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; systematised by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues at Columbia in the 1940s | Social science and econometric traditions; systematized by Cheng Hsiao and others from the 1970s-1980s |
| 类型≠ | Quantitative (and mixed) non-experimental design | Quantitative longitudinal observational design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000 | Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521522717 |
| 别名 | survey methodology, questionnaire research, survey design, survey study | panel study, panel survey, longitudinal panel, repeated-measures panel |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | Survey research is a quantitative (and sometimes mixed-methods) design in which a researcher collects standardised self-report data from a sample drawn from a defined population, using a questionnaire or structured interview. It is the dominant non-experimental strategy for describing population characteristics, estimating prevalence, mapping attitude distributions, and testing bivariate or multivariate associations across social, behavioural, and health sciences. | Panel research is a quantitative longitudinal design in which the same individuals, organizations, or other units are measured repeatedly across two or more time points. Unlike cross-sectional surveys that capture a single snapshot, a panel tracks change within units, enabling researchers to separate genuine within-unit change from between-unit differences and to model causal dynamics over time. |
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