方法对比

	结构化访谈	深度访谈
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1940s–1950s	Mid-20th century (formalised in qualitative social research from the 1950s onward)
提出者	Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century	Rooted in sociological interviewing traditions; systematised by researchers including Steinar Kvale and Herbert J. Rubin
类型	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 645–672). Sage.	Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803958203
别名	standardized interview, formal interview, schedule-based interview, fixed-format interview	IDI, semi-structured interview, unstructured interview, qualitative interview
相关	4	6
摘要	A structured interview is a data collection technique in which every participant is asked exactly the same pre-specified questions in the same order, using standardized wording. Because the interview schedule is fixed, responses across participants are directly comparable, enabling quantitative aggregation and statistical analysis. It sits at the most standardized end of the interview continuum, between the self-administered questionnaire and the semi-structured interview.	The in-depth interview is a one-to-one qualitative data-collection method in which a researcher engages a participant in an extended, open-ended conversation to elicit rich, detailed accounts of experiences, perceptions, beliefs, or meanings. Unlike structured surveys, the interview guide serves as a flexible road map rather than a fixed script, allowing the researcher to probe unexpected directions as they emerge. The approach is foundational to qualitative inquiry and is used directly as a primary method or as the data-collection arm of phenomenology, grounded theory, narrative analysis, and other frameworks.