方法对比

	Structural Balance Theory	Blockmodeling	Dyadic Analysis
领域	Sociology	Sociology	Sociology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Regression model
起源年份	1946 (Heider); 1956 (Cartwright & Harary)	1976	1981
提出者	Fritz Heider; formalized by Dorwin Cartwright & Frank Harary	Harrison White, Scott Boorman & Ronald Breiger	Holland & Leinhardt (p1); Kenny (Social Relations Model)
类型	Theory and graph-theoretic test for tension in signed relationships	Network partitioning into positions and a reduced role structure	Analysis of the dyad as the unit, decomposing relational effects
开创性文献	Cartwright, D., & Harary, F. (1956). Structural balance: a generalization of Heider's theory. Psychological Review, 63(5), 277–293.	White, H. C., Boorman, S. A., & Breiger, R. L. (1976). Social structure from multiple networks. I. Blockmodels of roles and positions. American Journal of Sociology, 81(4), 730–780.	Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1981). An exponential family of probability distributions for directed graphs. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76(373), 33–50.
别名	balance theory, Heider balance, signed network balance, structural balance analysis	block modeling, blockmodel analysis, generalized blockmodeling, CONCOR	dyad analysis, dyadic data analysis, social relations model, dyad census
相关	5	4	4
摘要	Structural balance theory analyzes networks whose ties carry a sign — positive for liking, alliance, or trust, negative for hostility or distrust — and asks which configurations are psychologically and socially stable. Originating in Fritz Heider's cognitive balance principle and given a graph-theoretic form by Dorwin Cartwright and Frank Harary in 1956, it predicts that signed networks evolve toward states free of the tension produced by inconsistent triads such as 'the friend of my enemy'.	Blockmodeling is a family of methods that simplify a social network by partitioning its actors into positions — groups of actors who are equivalent in their pattern of ties — and summarizing the relations between positions as a compact image, or reduced role structure. Introduced by Harrison White, Scott Boorman, and Ronald Breiger in 1976, it shifts attention from individuals to the structural roles they occupy.	Dyadic analysis treats the dyad — the pair of actors and the relation between them — as the unit of analysis, separating the relational outcome into what each actor brings to all their relationships and what is unique to the specific pair. It spans the descriptive dyad census of network analysis and statistical frameworks such as Holland and Leinhardt's p1 model and Kenny's Social Relations Model, all of which respect the structural non-independence inherent in relational data.