方法对比

	单盲随机对照试验	交叉随机对照试验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1948 (formalized); single-blind variant established in mid-20th century clinical trial methodology	1960s (Grizzle 1965 for statistical foundations); widely used in clinical research since the 1970s
提出者	Bradford Hill and colleagues (MRC streptomycin trial, 1948); blinding conventions codified in CONSORT guidelines	Early formalized by statisticians including Bradford Hill and colleagues in clinical trials; theoretical framework developed by Grizzle (1965) and later Senn (2002)
类型	Experimental design — blinded randomized trial	Experimental within-subject design
开创性文献	Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & CONSORT Group. (2010). CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ, 340, c332.	Senn, S. (2002). Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471496533
别名	single-masked RCT, single-blind RCT, single-blind trial, SB-RCT	crossover RCT, crossover trial, within-subject RCT, AB/BA crossover design
相关	5	5
摘要	A single-blind randomized controlled trial (SB-RCT) is a rigorous experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to treatment or control conditions while remaining unaware of which condition they have received. Investigators, outcome assessors, and data analysts are not blinded. By masking participants, the design eliminates placebo and nocebo response biases on the participant side, while preserving investigator flexibility to administer and monitor the intervention.	A crossover randomized controlled trial (crossover RCT) is an experimental design in which each participant receives all study interventions in a randomized sequence, separated by a washout period. Because every participant serves as their own control, within-subject variability is eliminated from the treatment comparison, yielding greater statistical power per participant than a parallel-group RCT of equal size.