方法对比
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| 简单随机抽样× | 多阶段抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Early 20th century; systematized by Cochran 1953/1977 | 1950s–1960s (formalized in Kish 1965 and Cochran 1977) |
| 提出者≠ | William Gosset, Jerzy Neyman, and formalized by William Cochran | Leslie Kish; William G. Cochran |
| 类型 | Probability sampling design | Probability sampling design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471109495 |
| 别名 | SRS, unrestricted random sampling, equal-probability sampling, EPSEM | multistage cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling, nested sampling, hierarchical sampling |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Simple random sampling (SRS) is the foundational probability sampling method in which every unit in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. Because selection is governed purely by chance, SRS eliminates systematic bias, supports unbiased estimation of population parameters, and provides the statistical baseline against which all more complex probability designs are evaluated. | Multistage sampling is a probability-based design that selects a sample by working through two or more successive levels of a population hierarchy — for example, first selecting regions, then districts within those regions, then households within those districts. It makes large-scale surveys practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when the population is geographically dispersed, by concentrating fieldwork within a manageable number of sampled units at each stage. |
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