方法对比
并排查看您选择的方法；存在差异的行会高亮显示。
| 半结构化访谈× | 调查× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 质性 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1946 (Merton & Kendall); codified as a standard method through the 1980s–1990s | Late 19th century; systematic social-science use from 1940s |
| 提出者≠ | Robert K. Merton and Patricia Kendall (focused interview, 1946); further systematised by Steinar Kvale | Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; formalised by Paul Lazarsfeld in the 1940s |
| 类型≠ | Qualitative research method | Quantitative (primarily) or mixed-methods data-collection instrument |
| 开创性文献≠ | Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422 | Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149 |
| 别名 | guided interview, semi-standardized interview, focused interview, SSI | questionnaire survey, survey research, self-report survey, questionnaire study |
| 相关 | 6 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher prepares a set of key questions or topic areas in advance but remains free to probe, follow up, and reorder as the conversation evolves. Unlike structured interviews — which fix every question and sequence — or unstructured interviews — which are entirely open — the semi-structured format balances comparability across participants with the flexibility needed to capture the depth and nuance of individual perspectives. It is the most widely used interview format in social science, health, and education research. | A survey is a systematic data-collection method in which a standardised set of questions is posed to a sample of respondents to measure attitudes, behaviours, demographics, or other constructs. Surveys can be administered via paper, telephone, online platforms, or face-to-face. They are among the most widely used instruments in social, behavioural, health, and educational research because they can reach large, geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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