方法对比

	筛查试验评估	诊断准确性研究设计
领域	流行病学	临床研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s	2003-2015
提出者	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation	Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers
类型	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design	Research Design
开创性文献	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44.
别名	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE	diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation
相关	6	2
摘要	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.	A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment.