方法对比

	筛查试验评估	横断面流行病学研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s	1960s (formal codification); widely practiced since mid-20th century
提出者	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation	Classical epidemiology tradition; systematized by Brian MacMahon and Thomas Pugh (1960s)
类型	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design	Observational, descriptive/analytic epidemiological design
开创性文献	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.	Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195080407
别名	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE	prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, transversal study, cross-sectional design
相关	6	6
摘要	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.	A cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the exposure(s) and outcome(s) of interest simultaneously in a defined population at a single point in time (or over a short period). Because there is no follow-up, it is the most efficient observational design for estimating disease prevalence and for generating hypotheses about associations between risk factors and health outcomes.