方法对比

	Risk-Needs Assessment	Static-99 Assessment
领域	Criminology	Criminology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990	2000
提出者	Donald A. Andrews & James Bonta	R. Karl Hanson & David Thornton
类型	Structured offender risk/needs assessment framework	Actuarial sexual recidivism risk instrument
开创性文献	Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (5th ed.). Routledge/Anderson. ISBN: 9781422463291	Hanson, R. K., & Thornton, D. (2000). Improving risk assessments for sex offenders: A comparison of three actuarial scales. Law and Human Behavior, 24(1), 119–136.
别名	RNR Assessment, Risk-Need-Responsivity Model, Risk/Needs Assessment, Criminogenic Needs Assessment	Static-99, Static-99R, Static 99, Static-99 Sexual Recidivism Risk Tool
相关	4	4
摘要	Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) assessment is the dominant framework for structured assessment of justice-involved people, scoring an offender's criminogenic risk and needs to decide who receives intervention, what should be targeted, and how it should be delivered. Formulated by Donald Andrews and James Bonta, it organizes the strongest predictors of reoffending into the 'Central Eight' and converts them into a total risk score that guides the intensity of correctional supervision and treatment.	Static-99, and its age-revised form Static-99R, is the most widely used actuarial instrument for estimating sexual and violent recidivism risk among adult male sexual offenders. It scores ten unchanging, historical risk factors into a total that maps onto a risk category and, via published norm tables, an estimated probability of reoffending — providing a standardized, evidence-based anchor for forensic risk decisions.