方法对比

	基于风险的控制图	基于风险的统计过程控制
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1956 (economic design); refined through 1980s–2000s	1920s (SPC foundations); risk-based integration formalized in 2000s–2010s
提出者	A. J. Duncan (economic design, 1956); T. J. Lorenzen & L. C. Vance (unified economic model, 1986)	Integrated from SPC (Shewhart, 1920s; Deming, 1950s) and risk analysis frameworks (FDA ICH Q10, ISO 31000)
类型	Quantitative process monitoring method	Hybrid quality-risk engineering method
开创性文献	Lorenzen, T. J., & Vance, L. C. (1986). The economic design of control charts: A unified approach. Technometrics, 28(1), 3–10.	Montgomery, D. C. (2020). Introduction to Statistical Quality Control (8th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119399308
别名	economic control chart, risk-integrated SPC, cost-based control chart, economic design of control charts	Risk-based SPC, RBSPC, risk-prioritized SPC, risk-informed process monitoring
相关	6	6
摘要	A risk-based control chart extends the classical Shewhart control chart by explicitly incorporating the costs and probabilities of two error types — false alarms (Type I) and missed shifts (Type II) — along with sampling costs, into the design of chart parameters. Rather than using arbitrary 3-sigma limits, the method selects sample size, sampling interval, and control limits to minimise the total expected cost or risk of operating the monitoring scheme.	Risk-based statistical process control (Risk-based SPC) is an engineering quality method that integrates formal risk analysis — typically FMEA or a risk matrix — with statistical process monitoring to focus control chart resources on the process parameters that pose the greatest risk to product quality or system safety. Rather than applying control charts uniformly across all variables, risk-based SPC directs tighter monitoring toward high-risk, high-impact process characteristics identified through structured hazard prioritization.